How to Manage a Seizure

Seizures are unexpected and frightening occurrences that can happen to anyone, regardless of age or health status. In Australia, it’s estimated that around 250,000 people live with epilepsy, a condition characterized by recurrent seizures. However, seizures can also occur due to various other factors such as head injuries, infections, or underlying medical conditions. Understanding how to provide first aid during a seizure is crucial as it can help minimize the risk of injury and ensure the person’s safety. In this guide, we’ll explore why seizures happen and how to manage them effectively.

Why Do Seizures Happen?

Seizures occur when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, disrupting normal brain function. This abnormal electrical activity can manifest in various ways, from convulsions and loss of consciousness to staring spells or unusual sensations. Several factors can trigger seizures, including:

1. Epilepsy: The most common cause of seizures is epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. In epilepsy, the seizures are typically spontaneous and can occur without any apparent trigger.
2. Brain Injury or Trauma: Head injuries, strokes, infections, or tumors affecting the brain can increase the risk of seizures. Traumatic brain injuries, in particular, can lead to epilepsy or other seizure disorders.
3. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to seizures, making them more susceptible to experiencing them throughout their lives.
4. Metabolic Disorders: Certain metabolic imbalances, such as low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or electrolyte abnormalities, can trigger seizures.
5. Drug or Alcohol Withdrawal: Abrupt cessation of certain medications, alcohol, or recreational drugs can induce seizures as the body undergoes withdrawal.
6. Infections: Seizures can sometimes occur as a result of infections affecting the brain, such as meningitis or encephalitis.
7. Other Medical Conditions: Conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or brain tumors can increase the risk of seizures.

How to Manage a Seizure: First Aid Steps

Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but it’s essential to stay calm and take appropriate action to ensure the person’s safety. Here’s what you can do to provide first aid during a seizure:

1. Stay Calm and Stay with the Person: Keep calm and reassure bystanders. Stay with the person experiencing the seizure and try to prevent them from injuring themselves.
2. Time the Seizure: Note the time when the seizure begins. This information can be helpful for medical professionals.
3. Protect the Person from Injury: Clear the area around the person of any sharp or hard objects. Cushion their head with a soft object, such as a folded jacket, to prevent head injuries.
4. Do Not Restrain the Person: Avoid restraining the person’s movements unless they are in immediate danger. Allow the seizure to run its course.
5. Position the Person Safely: If the person is standing, gently guide them to the ground to prevent falls. Once on the ground, turn them onto their side to help keep their airway clear and prevent choking.
6. Do Not Put Anything in the Person’s Mouth: Contrary to popular belief, it’s unnecessary and potentially harmful to put objects in the person’s mouth during a seizure. This can cause injury to their teeth or jaw.
7. Stay with the Person Until the Seizure Ends: Seizures typically last for a few seconds to a few minutes. Stay with the person until the seizure stops and they regain consciousness. Be supportive and reassuring during this time.
8. After the Seizure: Once the seizure ends, gently roll the person onto their side if they are not already in that position. Check for any injuries and provide comfort and reassurance as they recover. If the person does not regain consciousness or if another seizure occurs shortly afterward, seek urgent medical assistance.
9. Seek Medical Attention if Necessary: If the person is injured during the seizure, if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, or if the person has difficulty breathing or recovering consciousness afterward, call emergency services immediately.

Conclusion

Seizures can be alarming to witness, but with proper knowledge and first aid training, you can help ensure the safety and well-being of those experiencing them. By understanding the causes of seizures and knowing how to respond effectively, you can make a difference in someone’s life during a critical moment. If you or someone you know has a history of seizures, consider seeking guidance from a healthcare professional on seizure management and first aid techniques specific to your situation. Together, we can create a safer and more supportive environment for individuals living with seizures.